abstract：:Ground squirrels emit species-specific alarm calls that, among other characteristics, differ by the number of elements. Unlike some species that produce single-element calls, e.g., the Speckled ground squirrel (Spermophilus suslicus), individual European ground squirrels (S. citellus) frequently emit binary-element ca...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Schneiderová I,Volodina EV,Matrosova VA,Volodin IA

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Greater rates of intermittent reinforcement in the presence of discriminative stimuli generally produce greater resistance to extinction, consistent with predictions of behavioral momentum theory. Other studies reveal more rapid extinction with higher rates of reinforcers - the partial reinforcement extinction effect....

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Bai JYH,Podlesnik CA

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nearly all species of sexually dimorphic ungulates sexually segregate. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, including the social-factors hypothesis (SFH) and the predation hypothesis (PH). Interestingly, previous studies have accepted and rejected each hypothesis within and across species ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Biggerstaff MT,Lashley MA,Chitwood MC,Moorman CE,DePerno CS

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Psychosocial stress can cause mental conditions such as depression in humans. To develop drug therapies for the treatment of depression, it is necessary to use animal models of depression to screen drug candidates that exhibit anti-depressive effects. Unfortunately, the present methods of drug screening for antidepres...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Otabi H,Goto T,Okayama T,Kohari D,Toyoda A

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The imposition of subordination may negatively impact cognitive performance in common social settings (e.g., the classroom), and likewise, laboratory studies of animals indicate that the stress associated with social defeat can impair cognitive performance. It is less clear whether an animal's predisposition for socia...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Matzel LD,Kolata S,Light K,Sauce B

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Weaklings serve as a buffer, allowing an increase in the overall prospect of offspring survival. Whereas birds are able to directly determine which offspring to invest in via selective feeding, multiparous mammals have fewer methods of excluding weaklings from milk provision. In pigs the maternal investment strategy i...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Skok J

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Emotional contagion occurs when an individual acquires the emotional state of another via social cues, and is an important component of empathy. Empathic responses seen in rodents are often explained by emotional contagion. Rats emit 50kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in positive contexts, and emit 22kHz USVs in ne...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Saito Y,Yuki S,Seki Y,Kagawa H,Okanoya K

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Background matching is an important way to camouflage and is widespread among animals. In the field, however, few studies have addressed background matching, and there has been no reported camouflage efficiency in freshwater turtles. Background matching and camouflage efficiency of the four-eyed turtle, Sacalia quadri...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Xiao F,Yang C,Shi H,Wang J,Sun L,Lin L

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prey may use multiple sensory channels to detect predators, whose cues may differ in altered sensory environments, such as turbid conditions. Depending on the environment, prey may use cues in an additive/complementary manner or in a compensatory manner. First, to determine whether the purely aquatic Barton Springs sa...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Zabierek KC,Gabor CR

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When competing for mates, males typically exhibit higher rates of intrasexual aggression and courtship than females. Operational sex ratio, represented here by adult sex ratio (ASR) as a proxy, is likely the best predictor of this competition, which typically increases between members of one sex as members of the oppo...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Chuard PJC,Brown GE,Grant JWA

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is unclear whom animals select to huddle with for thermoregulation. In this study, we investigated whom Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) mothers huddled with-their young offspring or other adult group members-when there is need for thermoregulation. We used a focal-animal sampling method, targeting 17 females at K...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Ueno M,Nakamichi M

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The risk allocation hypothesis predicts that vigilance should be adjusted to the temporal variation in risk. We test this hypothesis in wild fallow deer exposed to short term (disturbance) and long term (presence of a fawn after parturition) changes in risk. We recorded the proportion, frequency and type of vigilance ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Bergvall UA,Svensson L,Kjellander P

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The heterogeneity of group data can obscure a significant effect of an intervention due to differential baseline scores. Instead of discarding the seemingly heterogeneous response set, an orderly lawful relationship could be present. Rate dependence describes a pattern between a baseline and the change in that baselin...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Snider SE,Quisenberry AJ,Bickel WK

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Addiction may be viewed as choice governed by competing contingencies. One factor impacting choice, particularly as it relates to addiction, is sensitivity to delayed rewards. Discounting of delayed rewards influences addiction vulnerability because of competition between relatively immediate gains of drug use, e.g. i...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Lamb RJ,Maguire DR,Ginsburg BC,Pinkston JW,France CP

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Monte Carlo simulations were performed to analyze the degree to which two-, three- and four-step learning histories of losses and gains correlated with escalation and persistence in extended extinction (continuous loss) conditions. Simulated learning histories were randomly generated at varying lengths and composition...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Gilroy SP,Hantula DA

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Feeding experiences with low-quality foods can be improved when these foods are ingested in close temporal association with foods of higher nutritional quality. However, preference for low-quality foods in nature seems to be rather insensitive to past positive experiences and more related to their intrinsic nutritiona...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Catanese F,Distel RA,Fernández P,Villalba JJ

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Organismal performance can be significantly affected by the nutritional conditions experienced during different life-stages. The Silver Spoon Hypothesis predicts that individuals will always perform better as adults when they experience advantageous conditions during development. In contrast, the Environmental Matchin...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： McInerney EP,Silla AJ,Byrne PG

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relation between persistence, as measured by resistance to change, and resurgence has been examined with nonhuman animals but not systematically with humans. The present study examined persistence and resurgence with undergraduate students engaging in a computer task for points exchangeable for money. In Phase 1, ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Kuroda T,Cançado CR,Podlesnik CA

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Performance in object search tasks is not only influenced by the subjects' object permanence ability. For example, ostensive cues of the human manipulating the target markedly affect dogs' choices. However, the interference between the target's location and the spatial cues of the human hiding the object is still unkn...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Péter A,Topál J,Miklósi Á,Pongrácz P

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We analyzed the temporal pattern of conditioned suppression of lever-pressing for food in rats conditioned with tone-shock pairings using either a 10 or 15s conditioned stimulus (CS)-unconditioned stimulus (US) interval with a CS duration that was three times the CS-US interval. The analysis of average suppression and...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Tallot L,Capela D,Brown BL,Doyère V

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of day-old chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) to discriminate between the shape and size of beads was investigated in two one-trial tasks, taste avoidance and sickness-conditioned learning. Previous studies determined that color is a critical classification cue for conditioned stimuli in these tasks. In tas...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Barber TA

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Continua abound in the natural world, but the treatment of these continua in the psychological study of behavior is often categorical. Four practices and their consequences are considered: limited sampling of a continuum, turning continuous predictors into categories through dichotomization and similar practices, trea...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Young ME

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three pigeons were trained to remember arrays of 2-6 colored squares and detect which of two squares had changed color to test their visual short-term memory. Procedures (e.g., stimuli, displays, viewing times, delays) were similar to those used to test monkeys and humans. Following extensive training, pigeons perform...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Wright AA,Elmore LC

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavioural variation among individuals has received a lot of attention by behavioural ecologists in the past few years. Its causes and consequences are becoming vast areas of research. The origin and maintenance of individual variation in behaviour within and among populations is affected by many facets of the biotic...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： De Winter G,Martins HR,Trovo RA,Chapman BB

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The generalized matching equation provides a good description of response allocation in concurrent schedules of positive reinforcement in nonhumans as well as in humans. The present experiment was conducted to further investigate the allocation of responding under concurrent schedules of negative reinforcement (i.e., ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Alessandri J,Cançado CR

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As reinforcers are delivered for a particular response, that response increases. Other similar responses also increase, with the extent to which this increase is seen being positively related to the similarity between the responses. This process, called induction, is pronounced during initial response acquisition, and...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Jarmolowicz DP,Hudnall JL,Darden AC,Lemley SM,Sofis MJ

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study on competition in human groups was performed within the context of the competitive outcome interdependence concept: the degree to which personal outcomes among group members are affected by the consequences of task performance of others, e.g. when one group member gains a high reward for a task, this lowers...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Boos M,Franiel X,Belz M

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Facial expressions have been extensively used to assess emotions in humans and thus could be extended to other species that also display facial movements. In mice both painful and fearful situations have been associated with particular shifts in facial expressions. Like other species, mice frequently show a great inte...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Lecorps B,Féron C

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Forced Swimming Test (FST) models behavioural despair in animals by loss of motivation to respond or the refusal to escape. The present study was aimed at characterizing genetic (genotype and gender) and environmental factors (age/stage of disease and rearing conditions: C, standard; H, early postnatal handling; EE, e...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Torres-Lista V,Giménez-Llort L

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Context renewal is the relapse of an extinguished response due to changing the stimulus context following extinction. Reinforcing operant responding in Context A and extinguishing in Context B results in relapse when either returning to Context A (ABA renewal) or introducing a novel Context C (ABC renewal). ABA renewa...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Podlesnik CA,Miranda-Dukoski L

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Kin recognition requires the ability to discriminate between one's own genetic relatives and non-relatives. There are two mechanisms that aid in kin discrimination: phenotype matching and familiarity. Dogs may be a good model for assessing these mechanisms as dogs are a promiscuous social species with a keen sense of ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Hamilton J,Vonk J

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Energy acquisition through suckling has been widely studied in rat and human infants. Processes mediating energy conservation, however, have not received the attention that they deserve. This essay, in honor of Professor Jerry Hogan, discusses parallel behaviors used by rat and human mothers to minimize energy loss in...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Blass E

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well established that in mammals prenatal exposure to exogenous testosterone has a masculinizing effect on female morphology and behavior. Fewer studies, however, have been conducted in males on this subject, and the results are controversial. In the present study, we investigated the long-term effect of adminis...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Bánszegi O,Szenczi P,Dúcs A,Hudson R,Altbäcker V

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previously extinguished operant responding recurs under both resurgence and renewal procedures, but the effects of combining these procedures on recurrence has not been studied. Because renewal and resurgence are known to independently produce response recurrence, we examined whether greater resurgence would occur if ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Kincaid SL,Lattal KA,Spence J

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to test the prediction that when two rewards, a smaller but "socially closer" one and a larger but "socially more distant" one, are moved away from the subject by the same social distance, subjective value of the socially more distant reward will increase (i.e. the rate of social d...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Osiński J,Karbowski A,Ostaszewski P

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Research has begun to examine how individuals discount delayed sex. However, these tasks have not evaluated the dimension of sexual behavior associated with promiscuity (i.e., choices between partners). The current study assessed choices between hypothetical sexual partners within a delay discounting paradigm. Partici...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Jarmolowicz DP,Lemley SM,Asmussen L,Reed DD

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:B.F. Skinner argued that the science of behavior would progress more rapidly without appealing to theories of learning. He also suggested that theories in a quite different sense were possible, but that the science of behavior as of 1950 was not ready for them. The following analysis distinguishes between Skinner's tw...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Smith TL

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:"Behavior which is effective only through the mediation of other persons has so many distinguishing dynamic and topographical properties that a special treatment is justified and indeed demanded" (Skinner, 1957, p. 2). Skinner's demand for a special treatment of verbal behavior can be extended within that field to dom...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Marr MJ

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many organisms exhibit diverse anti-predator tactics, influenced by genetics and prior experience. In ectothermic taxa, offspring phenotypes are often sensitive to developmental temperatures. If the effectiveness of alternative anti-predator responses depends on thermally sensitive traits, then the temperatures experi...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Hagman M,Löwenborg K,Shine R

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Social learning refers to individuals learning from others, including information gained through indirect social influences, such as the results of others' actions and changes in the physical environment. One method to determine the relative influence of these varieties of information is the 'ghost display', in which ...

journal_title：Behavioural processes

authors： Hopper LM,Lambeth SP,Schapiro SJ,Whiten A

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00